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目的了解肇庆市山区农村小学生基本的营养状况,评价营养包营养干预10个月的效果。方法采用整群随机抽样方法抽取肇庆市山区农村一至五年级小学生为调查对象,分别设干预组和对照组,干预组学生每天补充1包营养包并进行营养宣教,对照组仅进行宣教,在干预开始前和干预10个月后对调查对象进行问卷调查、体格测量和指尖血血红蛋白检测,并对调查结果进行分析比较。结果共纳入1 190名一至五年级小学生为调查对象,基线调查和终期调查人均有1 188名学生进行体格检查,其中干预组852人、对照组336人。1 145名学生进行血红蛋白测定,其中干预组812人、对照组333人。基线调查结果显示,学生营养不良率为47.39%(563/1 188),贫血患病率为37.82%(433/1 145)。营养干预10个月后结果表明,干预组学生营养不良率为35.68%(304/852),贫血患病率为18.97%(154/852),对照组学生营养不良率为52.98%(178/336),贫血患病率为25.83%(86/333),干预组干预前后营养不良率和贫血患病率均低于干预前,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。对照组干预前后营养不良率和贫血患病率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论肇庆市山区农村小学生营养状况不容乐观,给山区农村小学生补充营养包10个月后可以降低小学生的营养不良率和贫血患病率。
Objective To understand the basic nutritional status of rural primary school students in mountainous area of Zhaoqing City and evaluate the effect of nutritional package nutrition intervention for 10 months. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to select pupils from grade 1 to grade 5 in rural areas of Zhaoqing City. The intervention groups were divided into intervention group and control group. Students in intervention group were supplemented with nutrition package and nutrition education, while those in control group were only enlightened. Before the start of the intervention and 10 months after the intervention questionnaires, physical measurements and fingertip hemoglobin testing, and the survey results were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 1 190 pupils from the first to the fifth grade were enrolled in the survey. Among them, there were 1 188 students in the baseline survey and the final survey each performing physical examinations, of which 852 were intervention group and 336 were control group. A total of 1 145 students were tested for hemoglobin, 812 in the intervention group and 333 in the control group. Baseline survey results showed that malnutrition rates were 47.39% (563/1 188) and anemia was 37.82% (433/1 145). After 10 months of nutritional intervention, the results showed that the malnutrition rate in the intervention group was 35.68% (304/852), the prevalence of anemia was 18.97% (154/852), and that in the control group was 52.98% (178/336 ), The prevalence of anemia was 25.83% (86/333). Before and after the intervention, the prevalence of malnutrition and anemia were lower than those before intervention (all P <0.01). There was no significant difference in malnutrition rate and anemia before and after intervention in control group (all P> 0.05). Conclusion The nutritional status of rural primary school students in mountainous area of Zhaoqing City is not optimistic. After 10 months nutritional supplementation of rural primary school students in mountainous areas, the malnutrition rate and the prevalence of anemia among primary school students can be reduced.