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粮食购销体制改革的内容比价格改革要多,但实质还是个价格体制改革问题。如果价格理顺了定购就是个好制度,“双轨制”就不会存在,定量供应也没有必要了。现在价格没有理顺,弊端才表现在定购定供和“双轨制”之中。“粮食是宝中之宝”,这是斯大林的名言。“五谷者,万民之命,国之重宝。”①这是中国的古语。都是说粮食是所有物中最为重要之物。在商品世界中,粮食是一切商品中最为重要的商品。现在有人说:就是因为粮食重要,而且紧缺,所以不能按价值规律办事。这种说法是不对的。正好相反,就是因为粮食是最为重要的商品,就应最尊重价值规律;又因为是短缺商品,价格应高离价值。这样才能刺激生产,抑制消费,平衡供求。可是我们
The content of the grain purchase and sale system reform is more than the price reform, but in essence it is still a price system reform problem. If prices are straightened out and the order is a good system, the “dual track system” will not exist and quantitative supply will not be necessary. Now the price has not been straightened out, and the drawbacks are manifested in the purchase of fixed supply and “dual track system”. “Food is the treasure of treasure”. This is Stalin’s famous saying. “The people of grain, the lives of all people, the treasures of the country.”1 This is an old Chinese saying. It is said that food is the most important thing in all things. In the commodity world, food is the most important commodity in all commodities. Some people now say: Because food is important and in short supply, it cannot be handled in accordance with the law of value. This argument is wrong. On the contrary, because food is the most important commodity, it should respect the law of value the most; and because it is a shortage of commodities, prices should be higher than value. This will stimulate production, restrain consumption, and balance supply and demand. But we