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海外关于毛泽东的传记既有埃德加·斯诺写的圣徒传记式的先锋作品,也包括最近极端的攻击。介于这两种观点之间还有以下观点:“追求伟大的目标,但却付出了巨大的代价”;“20世纪50年代后期之前的毛泽东是伟大的,而此后的毛泽东则犯了错误”;1949年成为毛泽东一生中真正的分水岭;毛泽东体现了“革命理想主义”和“政治现实主义”双重属性,心理传记揭示了领袖作为人的本质;如果毛泽东的社会建设能够合理地开展,就能够极为成功地实现。海外传记在此期间的演变有4个原因:起初的倾向偏重于猎奇,毛泽东的新奇之处在于他和欧洲的马克思主义者截然不同。全世界对领导力看法的改变,导致对毛泽东的看法由政治英雄转变为对其政治领导力持怀疑态度。由于中国共产党1981年作出的决议,使此前一直不敢强烈批判毛泽东的人士能够畅所欲言,同时中国国内也允许某些学术著作出版,这使国外对毛泽东的研究著作可以从中受益。新的资料是这一演变最重要的因素,诸如《毛泽东年谱》和《建国以来毛泽东文稿》等资料对国外传者具有重要影响。我注意到从20世纪90年代开始,中国和海外的毛泽东研究在视角和资料的运用方面都出现了共性。我认为一篇论战性质的传记很难成为真正的传记,但如果它能够有论据作为支撑且中国研究和政治史需要这样去做的话,这也是合理的。我在总结中说明了毛泽东传记中未完成的任务和未来毛泽东声誉的各种可能性。
Foreign biographies of Mao Zedong include both biographies of Saint-savvy pioneers written by Edgar Snow and the recent extreme attacks. Between these two points of view are the following: “Pursuing the great goal but paying a huge price”; “Mao Zedong was great before the late 1950s, and Mao Zedong thereafter Mao Zedong embodies the dual attributes of ”revolutionary idealism“ and ”political realism,“ and his biographical biography reveals the essence of the leader as a human being. If Mao Zedong’s society When construction can be carried out reasonably, it can be achieved with great success. There are four reasons why overseas biographies evolved during this period: the tendency of the first tended to be adventurous, and the novelty of Mao Zedong was that he was very different from the Marxists in Europe. Changes in leadership perceptions throughout the world have led to a shift in opinion of Mao Zedong from a political hero to a skeptic about his political leadership. The resolution made by the Chinese Communist Party in 1981 has made it possible for those who have not dared to strongly criticize Mao Zedong to speak freely and that certain academic works are allowed to be published in China. This will benefit foreign research on Mao Zedong. The new material is the most important factor in this evolution. Information such as the ”Mao Zedong Chronicle“ and ”Mao Zedong’s Contribution since the Founding of People’s Republic of China" have an important influence on those who are abroad. I have noticed that since the 1990s, both Mao Zedong’s studies in China and overseas have shown commonalities in terms of perspectives and the use of information. I think it is hard to be a true biography of a controversial biographical biography, but it is also reasonable if it can be supported by arguments and Chinese research and political history need to do the same. In my summary, I explained the possibilities of the outstanding tasks in Mao Zedong’s biography and the reputation of Mao Zedong in the future.