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辛亥革命时期的俄国与外蒙古,在外蒙古“独立”问题上存在着很大分歧。在当时的条件下,俄国为了最大限度地满足自身利益,并不支持外蒙古形式上走向独立,而是打着“调停”旗号,面唆使外蒙古脱离中国,投入俄国怀抱,另一面又以维护中国“宗主权”的幌子来控制外蒙古。俄国通过签订《俄蒙协约》、中俄《声明文件》和《中俄蒙协约》等条约,将外蒙古限制在“自治”范围内,从而使其实质上从中国分离出去,并对该地实行“俄治”。
During the Revolution of 1911, Russia and Outer Mongolia had great differences on the question of “independence” in Outer Mongolia. Under the prevailing conditions, Russia did not support the formal independence of Outer Mongolia. Rather, it called for “mediation.” Instead of supporting Outer Mongolia to divorce China from its embrace in Russia and on the other hand maintaining the interests of its own China under the guise of “sovereignty” to control Outer Mongolia. By signing such treaties as the “Russian-Mongol Treaty,” the “Sino-Russian” declaration document, and the “Sino-Russian agreement,” Russia has restricted Outer Mongolia within the scope of “self-government,” thereby allowing it to be virtually separated from China. Implement “Russian rule.”