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脊椎动物的免疫系统分为先天性免疫和获得性免疫两种。随着对免疫系统的深入了解,非特异性免疫系统的重要性逐渐为越来越多的人所接受。1997年,Janeway提出了模式识别理论,Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)是存在于细胞膜上的一类独特的模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptors,PRRs),能选择性的识别侵入机体的病原微生物所携带的病原相关分子模式(Pathogen-associated molecular patterns,PAMPs),在病原识别、启动和指导机体的免疫应答中发挥极其重要的作用。到目前为止,在哺乳类中已报道TLRs有13种,研究表明TLR的结构和功能都非常保守。
Vertebrate immune system is divided into two kinds of innate immunity and acquired immunity. With the in-depth understanding of the immune system, the importance of the non-specific immune system is gradually accepted by more and more people. In 1997, Janeway put forward the theory of pattern recognition. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a kind of unique pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that exist on the cell membrane, which can selectively recognize the invasion Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) carried by pathogenic microorganisms play an extremely important role in pathogen recognition, activation and guidance of the body’s immune response. So far, 13 TLRs have been reported in mammals. Studies show that the structure and function of TLR are very conservative.