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断层、陷落柱和采空区是煤矿生产掘进中常见的灾害性地质异常体,简化设计了上述异常体的模型,利用有限差分法进行了地震数值模拟。研究表明:当地表地形平坦、覆盖次数足够时,地震剖面上可清晰识别小断层和采空区,且在采空区底部发现明显多次波,对于顶部压实的陷落柱,当其底部长轴大于25 m,高大于70 m时,地震方法可以对其探测预报,对于顶部塌陷的陷落柱,当其尺寸大于底部长轴长10 m,高60 m时,地震剖面上可以发现明显的“串珠状”反射特征,该特征是顶部塌陷陷落柱识别的重要标志。这些结论对上述常见灾害性地质异常体探测有一定的指导意义。
Faults, subsidence columns and goafs are common disastrous geological anomalies in coal mining and excavation. The model of the above anomalous body is simplified and the numerical simulation of the earthquake is carried out by the finite difference method. The results show that when the surface topography is flat and the coverage times are enough, the small faults and goafs can be clearly identified on the seismic section and obvious multiple waves are found at the bottom of the goaf. For the bottom compacted collapsed column, When the axis is more than 25 m and the height is more than 70 m, the seismic method can predict the sounding of the subsidence column. When the size of the subsidence column is larger than 10 m and the height is 60 m, “Beaded” reflection feature, which is an important symbol of the identification of the collapsed collapse column in the top. These conclusions are of guiding significance to the exploration of the above common disastrous geological anomalies.