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目的分析西平县流行性出血热的流行特征,以便开展相应的预防控制工作。方法对西平县2006-2015年流行性出血热流行情况进行监测,每个月在全县范围内采用笼日法布点捕鼠,调查鼠类种群构成、鼠密度。鼠肺标本采用直接免疫荧光法检测出血热病毒抗原;同时利用ELISA法检测鼠血出血热病毒抗体,分析其流行病学特征。结果 2006-2015年西平县发生流行性出血热23例,发病率为2.7/10万,病例表现以轻型为主,无死亡病例;多发于农民、商业服务性行业,且青壮年占据较大的发病比例,大部分病例为本地感染;捕鼠总数为213只,其中野栖鼠占74.65%,家栖鼠占25.35%,经鉴定为1目1科5种,其中褐家鼠所占比例最高,为西平县的优势鼠种。结论鼠密度高低可作为西平县流行性出血热疫情发生情况的参考,应对重点人群采取预防接种措施,实时监测并制定科学的防控方案,主导措施仍是要做好防鼠、灭鼠工作。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Xiping County in order to carry out the corresponding prevention and control work. Methods The epidemic situation of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Xiping County during 2006-2015 was monitored. Cage species were distributed throughout the county every month to investigate the composition and density of rodents. Mouse lung specimens were detected by direct immunofluorescence hemagglutinin antigen; ELISA method was also used to detect the antibody to mouse hemorrhagic fever virus, analysis of its epidemiological characteristics. Results 23 cases of epidemic hemorrhagic fever were found in Xiping County from 2006 to 2015, the incidence rate was 2.7 / 100 000. The cases were light and no deaths were found. The cases were mostly occurred in farmer and commercial service industries, and young adults accounted for a large proportion Most of the cases were locally infected. The total number of trapping mice was 213, of which 74.65% were wild rats and 25.35% were domesticated rats, which were identified as 1 orders, 1 families and 5 species, among which Rattus norvegicus accounted for the highest proportion , For the dominant species of Xiping County rats. Conclusion The rat density can be used as a reference for the epidemic situation of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Xiping County. It is necessary to take preventive vaccination measures against key populations and monitor and formulate scientific prevention and control programs in real time. The leading measures are still to prevent and control rats and rats.