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目的了解目前农村家庭户主生命质量及其影响因素,为有关部门制定科学卫生决策及合理配置卫生资源提供依据。方法整群抽取安徽省大别山区腹地某乡镇常住户主3 920人,利用自制调查表进行入户调查。结果有效问卷3 556份,有效率为90.7%;男性、女性户主分别为3 361和195人,平均年龄为(46.77±10.92)岁;生命质量平均得分为(18.34±2.17)分;男性户主为(18.34±2.16)分,略高于女性(18.17±2.38)分,差异无统计学意义;主观满意、不满意的家庭户主生命质量得分分别为(18.87±1.97)、(17.15±2.13)分,差异有统计学意义(t=227.408,P<0.000 1);主观健康满意度与生命质量得分呈正相关关系(r=0.380,P<0.000 1);多元线性回归分析结果表明,主观健康满意度、现患疾病、吸烟状况、是否使用肥皂洗手、2周内患病情况、1年内住院情况、睡眠质量、有病是否就医以及职业对农村家庭户主生命质量影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论大别山区腹地农村家庭户主生命质量状况一般,应改善农村地区生存状况;年龄、职业、文化程度、现患疾病等是影响农村家庭户主生命质量的重要因素。
Objective To understand the quality of life of rural household heads and their influencing factors so as to provide evidences for the departments concerned to make scientific health decisions and allocate health resources rationally. Methods A total of 3 920 permanent household owners in a township in the hinterland of Dabie Mountain in Anhui Province were collected by cluster sampling and household surveys were conducted by using self-made questionnaires. Results A total of 3 556 valid questionnaires were validated, with an effective rate of 90.7%. The number of male and female heads of household was 3 361 and 195 respectively, with an average age of (46.77 ± 10.92) years. The average quality of life score was (18.34 ± 2.17) (18.34 ± 2.16) points, slightly higher than that of females (18.17 ± 2.38) points, the difference was not statistically significant. The subjective satisfaction and dissatisfaction of the family heads were 18.87 ± 1.97 and 17.15 ± 2.13 respectively, (T = 227.408, P <0.000 1). There was a positive correlation between subjective health satisfaction and quality of life scores (r = 0.380, P <0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that subjective health satisfaction, The prevalence of illness, smoking status, hand washing with soap, illness within two weeks, hospitalization within one year, quality of sleep, illness and medical treatment, and occupational influence on the quality of life of rural households were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The quality of life of rural family heads in the hinterland of the Dabie Mountains is generally good, and living conditions in rural areas should be improved. Age, occupation, educational level and current illness are the important factors that affect the quality of life of rural households.