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在“V上”和“V下”类动补结构中,“上”和“下”本为反义成分,但在与动词的组配选择中,却并不都是有此无彼、绝对对立的,这就似乎产生了一种意义和形式的错位。为了能够对此给出一个合理的解释,本文从“上”和“下”的语义扩展、原型义究竟有着怎样的地位和作用等角度进行探讨。“V上”和“V下”的句法表现和表意功能表明,“V上”和“V下”的对立应为本质的、必然的,某些非对立现象则是表面的、偶然的。从根本上说,“V上”和“V下”的对立与非对立表现都可以在“上”和“下”的原型义及其语义扩展过程中找到根源与理据。在“上”和“下”的语义扩展中,原型效应十分明显。
In the “V 上” and “V 下” class complement structure, “上 ” and “下 ” this is the antisense component, but in the composition and verb choice, but not There is none but absolute opposition to each other, which seems to have produced a dislocation of meaning and form. In order to provide a reasonable explanation for this, this article explores the semantic extension of “Shang ” and “Xia ” under what kind of status and function. The syntactic and ideographic functions of “V 上” and “V 下” show that the contradiction between “V 上” and “V 下” should be essential and inevitable, and some non-opposites It is superficial, accidental. Fundamentally speaking, both the antithesis and the non-antinomic manifestation of “V ” and “V ” can be found in the prototyping of “上 ” and “下 ” and their semantic extension Reason. The prototype effect is evident in the semantic extensions of “on ” and “under ”.