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在作物育种过程中,需要不断改进育种方法,探索育种新技术以使育种水平不断提高。非整倍体的研究和应用,就是作物遗传育种的一项新技术。植物非整倍体的三体类型是遗传分析的重要手段,可用于测定具体染色体的连锁基因群,判断个别染色体的遗传机制和表现型效应。同时,还可用于开展染色体工程,有目标地更换染色体,以创造新型的育种材料。如今已有数十种作物获得了三体植株,其中小麦、黑麦、蕃茄、玉米等作物已获得成套的三体系列,近年来,在大麦杂种优势利用上,由于选用了三体品系(2X+1=14+1=15),已成功地解决了大麦雄性不育系和保持系问题,为大麦配制杂交种开辟了新途径。
In the course of crop breeding, it is necessary to continuously improve breeding methods and explore new techniques of breeding in order to continuously raise breeding standards. Aneuploidy research and application is a new technology of crop genetic breeding. Trigeminal plant aneuploidy genotyping is an important means of genetic analysis can be used to determine the specific chromosome linkage group, to determine the genetic mechanism of individual chromosomes and phenotypic effects. At the same time, it can also be used for chromosomal engineering to target chromosomes in order to create new breeding materials. Nowadays, dozens of crops have obtained trisomic plants. Among them, crops such as wheat, rye, tomato and corn have obtained complete sets of trisomic series. In recent years, due to the utilization of heterosis in barley, + 1 = 14 + 1 = 15), the barley male sterility and maintainer line problems have been successfully solved, opening up new avenues for the preparation of barley hybrids.