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档案事业始终是伴随着社会的开放和进步而发展的,而档案馆作为档案事业的主体,无疑也是伴随着社会的发展进程而逐步走向开放的。众所周知,档案馆的开放是为了利用档案,且是最优化、最广泛地利用。然而档案馆从封闭、半封闭到开放,围绕为谁开放,为谁所用等问题,经历了一个漫长的历史发展过程。 一、欧洲档案馆开放的历史演变 欧洲中世纪及之前是黑暗的封建教会专制统治时期,其间出现的各种形式的档案馆均以王族档案馆、封建主庄园档案馆及教会档案馆等面貌为国王、贵族、官吏和僧侣拥有,而档案自然也成为统治者“插入鞘中的剑”,高悬于普通民众头上。档案被用
Archives has always been accompanied by the opening up and progress of society. Archives, as the main body of archival work, is undoubtedly gradually opening to the outside world with the development of society. As we all know, the opening of archives is to use archives, and is the most optimized and most widely used. However, archives from closed, semi-closed to open, around whom to open, for whom the use of such issues, has gone through a long process of historical development. First, the historical evolution of the European archives open Europe and the Middle Ages before the dark feudal church despotic rule, during which various forms of archives are the royal family archives, feudal Lord Manor Archives and the Church Archives as the king, Aristocrats, officials, and monks own the archives, which naturally become the rulers “swords inserted in the sheaths”, hanging above the heads of ordinary people. File is used