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产科会阴创伤的发生率很高(10.3——39.0%),而产伤已成为近年分娩时促发骨盆底创伤的主要原因。为预防会阴破裂,特别是Ⅲ度破裂,分娩时应用了不同的会阴保护法,其中包括外科方法——外阴和会阴切开术(前者指会阴侧切开术,后者指会阴直切开术——译者注)。在分娩中盆底结构和支持机能遭受解剖学破坏之前行会阴组织切开。在外阴切开术时由于切断的肌肉纤维收缩,缝合其不对称、不同高度边缘的伤口时发生困难,不能完全达到把会阴同类组织、特别是筋膜组织与已经变为粗糙的结缔组织创痕和哆开的生殖器裂隙对齐。而会阴切开术时,切开的会阴皮肤和中心腱都是平坦的伤口、边缘对称性好,缝合容易。在318例妇女中,初次分娩时行外阴切开术者269例、会阴切开术49例。随访的大多数(84%)妇女年龄均小于30岁,切开的适应症都在第二产
The incidence of perineal perineal trauma is high (10.3 - 39.0%), and birth trauma has become the main cause of pelvic floor trauma during childbirth in recent years. In order to prevent perineal rupture, especially III degree rupture, different perineal protection methods were applied during childbirth, including surgical methods - genital and episiotomy (the former refers to perineal incision, the latter refers to perineal incision - Translator’s Note). The perineal tissue is dissected before the pelvic floor structure and supportive function are anatomically destroyed during childbirth. In the episiotomy due to the contraction of the muscle fibers cut, suture asymmetric, high-level edge of the wound difficult, can not fully reach the perineal similar tissues, especially fascia tissue has become rough with connective tissue wounds and Dove open genital cracks aligned. The perineal incision, incision of the perineal skin and central tendon are flat wounds, edge symmetry, easy to suture. Among 318 women, 269 had episiotomy at initial delivery, and 49 had episiotomy. The majority (84%) of the women who were followed were younger than 30 years of age and were candidates for incision