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早在本世纪的初期,人们就开始了对科学文献作统计分析。科尔(F.J.Cole)和伊尔斯(N.B.Eales),以及休姆(E.W.Hulme)等,曾用所发表的论文数来比较各国的科学生产率。可是,他们的研究成果在当时,如同洛特卡(A.J.Lotka)、布拉德福(S.S.Bradford)、齐普弗(G.K.Zipf)等提出的出版物按作者和期刊分布的理论模型一样,都没有引起多少注意。只是大约到了本世纪中期,由于评价科研的生产率和效率,已经成了迫切的社会需要,先驱们的研究成果,才开始受到人们的注意。尤其是普赖斯(Derek de Solla Price),由于他的努力,使得定量地探索科学的研究,成了科学家和科研管理
As early as the beginning of this century, people began to make statistical analysis of scientific literature. F.J.Cole and N.B.Eales, and E.W.Hulme, have used the number of papers published to compare the productivity of countries in science. At the time, however, their findings were as theoretical models of authors and journals as the publications proposed by AJ Lotot, SS Bradford, GK Zipf and others Did not cause much attention. It is only about the middle of this century that due to the appraisal of the productivity and efficiency of scientific research, it has become an urgent social need and the research results of pioneers have only begun to attract the attention of people. Especially Price (Derek de Solla Price), because of his efforts, make quantitative exploration of scientific research has become a scientist and research management