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目的了解佛山市三水区2012-2014年麻疹流行病学特征,为制定本地区有效的防控措施提供有力的依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集报告的全区2012-2014年麻疹监测数据,采取描述流行病学方法对麻疹病例进行详细分析。结果调查结果显示三水区近三年共报告麻疹病例81例,全年均有麻疹散发病例报告,6-8月达到发病高峰,占全年病例报告总数的66.67%。发病人群男性高于女性(1.25∶1)。病例集中在0岁组,占发病总数的48.15%;其次是20岁和30岁组,均占发病总数的19.75%。以散居儿童和其他行业人员居多,分别占报告总数的49.38%和46.91%,两类人群占病例报告总数的96.30%。病原学血标本检测麻疹Ig M抗体均为阳性,阳性率达100%。无重症病例和死亡病例报告。结论麻疹发病有明显的季节性和年龄性别的差异,0岁组散居儿童和托幼机构学龄前儿童及无经过麻疹疫苗接种的成人是防控工作的重点人群,要加强麻疹知识的健康教育工作,尤其要加强流动人口儿童的查漏补种工作,注重其居住环境卫生和个人卫生条件的改善,以控制麻疹疫情的进一步发生和流行。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles from 2012 to 2014 in Sanshui District of Foshan City and provide a strong evidence for the effective prevention and control measures in this area. Methods The report of 2012-2014 measles surveillance data was collected from China’s disease prevention and control information system, and epidemiological methods were used to describe the measles cases in detail. Results The survey results showed that 81 cases of measles were reported in Sanshui District in the past three years. There were cases of measles excretion throughout the year and peak incidence in June-August, accounting for 66.67% of the total number of cases reported in the year. The incidence of males than females (1.25: 1). Cases were concentrated in the 0-year-old group, accounting for 48.15% of the total number of cases; followed by 20-year-old and 30-year-old group, accounting for 19.75% of the total number of cases. The majority were scattered children and other industries, accounting for 49.38% and 46.91% respectively of the total number of reports, accounting for 96.30% of the total number of cases reported by the two groups. Pathogenic blood samples were detected measles Ig M antibodies were positive, the positive rate of 100%. No cases of severe cases and deaths. Conclusions There are obvious seasonal and age-related differences in the incidence of measles. Preschool children in the 0-year-old diaspora and nursery institutions and adults without measles vaccination are the key prevention and control groups. Health education for measles knowledge should be strengthened In particular, it is necessary to strengthen the leak detection and replanting of children of migrant workers, pay attention to the improvement of their living environment and hygiene conditions, and control the further occurrence and prevalence of the measles epidemic.