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文章对改革开放以来中国城镇居民收入差别变动过程中的“阶梯型”特征进行了研究。理论模型分析表明,劳动差别决定着城镇居民收入差别的基本走向,同时市场化体制改革措施的逐次推进,通过“制度诱发型”效率增进与收入差别的相互反馈效应在短期内会放大收入差别,然后政策的效果出现衰减,又引发了再一轮的改革,从而导致了收入差别扩大路径上的“阶梯型”特征。实证检验支持了理论模型的结论和前提。文章的政策含义是,制度变革过程中一定要注意市场化改革措施的收入差别效应及程度,防止单纯追求效率的增进而造成收入差别的拉大,有效而恰当的改革措施应充分考虑经济效率与收入差别的均衡关系。
The article has studied the “ladder type” characteristic in the process of income inequality change of Chinese urban residents since the reform and opening up. Theoretical model analysis shows that labor disparity determines the basic trend of income inequality among urban residents and meanwhile the progressive reform of market-oriented reform measures will increase income in the short run through the mutual feedback effect of “system-induced” efficiency increase and income disparity Difference, and then the effect of policy decay, but also lead to another round of reform, leading to the “ladder” feature on the path of income difference expansion. The empirical test supports the conclusion and premise of the theoretical model. The policy implication of the article is that in the process of system reform, we must pay attention to the effect and extent of the income differential effect of market-oriented reform measures so as to prevent the income difference from widening due to the simple pursuit of efficiency improvement. Effective and appropriate reform measures should give full consideration to economic efficiency and Balance of income differences.