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通过观测野鸢尾(Iris dichotoma)×射干(I.domestica)杂交F2代群体(n=61)中每一个体的株高、花径、花数、花色和彩斑等14个表型性状,对F2代与双亲性状差异、群体性状变异、主要性状间遗传相关性及花色遗传变异等方面进行分析,以明确F2群体性状变异特点,指导夏季开花鸢尾育种实践。结果表明:F2代12个性状中,8个性状的观测值居于双亲之间;除花朵直径和花朵数量外,花葶长等10个性状基本均呈正态分布,属多基因控制的数量性状;性状之间存在一定相关性,外花被长与内花被长和外花被宽与内花被宽的相关度最高,相关系数分别为0.821和0.734,趋于连锁遗传;对颜色性状的分析结果表明花色和花瓣彩斑的遗传由不同基因调控,但都是由多个基因共同控制。野鸢尾×射干F2代群体的花朵直径、花朵数量、花葶长及花色变异丰富,利于大花、多花、花葶矮生和奇异花色的优良单株的选择。
By observing 14 phenotypic traits such as plant height, flower diameter, number of flowers, flower color and color spots in each population of Iris dichotoma × I. domestica F2 population (n = 61) F2 progenies and parents, differences in population traits, genetic correlations between major traits and genetic variability of flower color were analyzed in order to clarify the characteristics of F2 population traits and guide the practice of flowering iris breeding in summer. The results showed that among the 12 traits in F2, the observed values of 8 traits lived in between parents. Except for the flower diameter and the number of flowers, the 10 traits such as flower length were basically normal distribution, and they were quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes ; There is a certain correlation between the traits, the outer perianth length and inner perianth length and outer width of the width and width of the flower is the highest, the correlation coefficients were 0.821 and 0.734, tend to be linked to genetic; color traits The results showed that the inheritance of flower color and petal color was controlled by different genes, but both were controlled by multiple genes. The population size, the number of flowers, the long flowering branches and the rich variations of the flower color of wild Iris xenophora F2 progeny favored the selection of excellent single plants of large flowers, multi-flowers, dwarfed flowers and exotic flowers.