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目的探讨广西隆林县手足口病的流行与病原学特征,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对手足口病流行特征进行分析和病原检测结果进行统计分析。结果隆林县2012—2014年共报告手足口病病例8 224例,年均发病率为797.88/10万,重症病例21例,死亡2例,重症病死率9.52%,各年报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=350.24,P<0.05)。全年均有病例发生,高峰期在4—6月,10—12月又出现冬季小高峰。发病男女性别比为1.61∶1;以0~5岁为主(93.69%),尤其1、2岁多发(56.17%);以散居、幼托儿童发病居多,占80.63%和15.52%。100例实验室确诊病例中,EV71型阳性者占32.00%,Cox A16型阳性者占22.00%,其他肠道病毒阳性者占46.00%,其中死亡病例均由EV71型引起,不同年份EV71型、Cox A16型和其他肠道病毒阳性病例构成差异有统计学意义(χ2=39.32,P<0.05)。结论隆林县2012—2014年手足口病发病处于高强度流行状态,有明显的季节性,散居、幼托儿童是主要发病人群,主要病原为EV71型。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Longlin County, Guangxi Province, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of control strategies. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease and pathogen detection results were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 8 224 HFMD cases were reported in Longlin County from 2012 to 2014, with an average annual incidence of 797.88 / 100 000. There were 21 severe cases, 2 deaths, and 9.52% severe cases. The incidence of reported HFMD in each year was Statistical significance (χ2 = 350.24, P <0.05). Cases occurred throughout the year, the peak in April-June, 10-December winter peak again. Incidence of male to female ratio was 1.61: 1; 0 to 5 years old (93.69%), especially in 1,2-year-old (56.17%); to disperse, child care children most of the incidence, accounting for 80.63% and 15.52%. Of 100 laboratory confirmed cases, EV71 positive accounted for 32.00%, Cox A16 positive accounted for 22.00%, and other enterovirus positive 46.00%, of which deaths were caused by EV71, EV71, Cox There was significant difference between the A16 and other enterovirus positive cases (χ2 = 39.32, P <0.05). Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in 2012-2014 in Longlin County is in a state of high-intensity epidemic with obvious seasonal and diaspora. The children with preschool child care are the main pathogens and the main pathogen is EV71.