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最小二乘偏移是一种基于线性化反演理论的真振幅成像方法,其思路是在宏观背景模型的基础上估计出一个最优化的扰动部分对偏移结果进行迭代更新.该方法具有更高的成像精度,是实现地震成像理论由常规地下岩性的几何结构描述向真振幅成像的推进和发展,也是实现高精度储层反演的关键.本文阐述了最小二乘偏移的基本原理,指出了最小二乘偏移与常规偏移的本质区别;介绍了最小二乘偏移的发展历程及研究现状;分析了最小二乘偏移实现过程中的核心问题—Hessian矩阵和反演解的约束条件;探讨了最小二乘偏移存在的问题及今后的的发展趋势,为最小二乘偏移的进一步研究提供参考.
The least squares offset is a true amplitude imaging method based on the linearized inversion theory. The idea is to estimate an optimal perturbation part based on the macroscopic background model to iteratively update the offset results. This method has more The high imaging precision is the key to realize the seismic imaging theory from the geometric description of the conventional underground lithology to the true amplitude imaging and also to realize the inversion of high precision reservoir.This paper describes the basic principle of least squares migration , Pointed out the essential difference between the least-square offset and the conventional offset; introduced the development history and research status of the least-square offset; analyzed the core problems in the process of least square offset -Hessian matrix and inversion solution The problems of least-squares offset and the future development trends are discussed, which can provide reference for the further research of least-squares offset.