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目的了解宁夏沙坡头区常住居民主要慢性病及相关危险因素的动态变化。方法采用多阶段随机抽样问卷调查和体格检查相结合的方式,对慢性病及危险因素进行调查。结果 2004、2007、2010年沙坡头区调查人群高血压标化患病率分别为3.5%、3.4%、7.9%,糖尿病标化患病率分别为0%、0%、1.5%,高血压和糖尿病患病率均呈上升趋势;2004-2010年标化后的超重和肥胖合计率分别为29.1%、31.6%、37.5%,呈上升趋势;静态行为过久率分别为8.1%、32.4%和70.1%,呈显著上升趋势;呼吸系统疾病患病率、被动吸烟、饮酒、钙质摄入不足、禽肉类等摄入不足情况均呈下降趋势。结论宁夏沙坡头区常住居民中普遍存在缺乏体力活动、超重、肥胖、膳食习惯不合理、高血压等慢性病危险因素,吸烟、饮酒等危险因素在男性居民中处于较高流行水平,应根据不同人群的危险因素水平,采取全人群和高危人群相结合的策略对慢性病进行综合防控,降低危险因素水平,有效地控制慢性病发生。
Objective To understand the dynamic changes of major chronic diseases and related risk factors in Shapotou District of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Methods The methods of multi-stage random sampling questionnaire and physical examination were used to investigate chronic diseases and risk factors. Results The prevalence rates of hypertension in Shapotou District in 2004, 2007 and 2010 were 3.5%, 3.4% and 7.9%, respectively. The prevalences of diabetes were 0%, 0% and 1.5% respectively. Hypertension And prevalence of diabetes all showed an upward trend. The total rates of overweight and obesity after standardization in 2004-2010 were 29.1%, 31.6% and 37.5%, respectively, showing an upward trend. Excessive rates of static behavior were 8.1% and 32.4% respectively, And 70.1%, respectively. The prevalence of respiratory diseases, passive smoking, drinking, lack of calcium intake, and inadequate intake of poultry meat all showed a decreasing trend. Conclusion There are many risk factors of chronic diseases including lack of physical activity, overweight, obesity, unreasonable diet and chronic diseases such as hypertension in Shapotou district of Ningxia. Risk factors such as smoking and drinking are at a relatively high prevalence among male residents. Population risk factors, to take a combination of whole population and high-risk groups strategies for integrated prevention and control of chronic diseases, reduce the level of risk factors and effectively control the occurrence of chronic diseases.