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为何进行民族识别中国自古是一个拥有众多民族的国家,见于史籍记载的族称数以百计,数千年间,往往以不同的“人”、“民人”、“种”、“种落”、“国”、“部”、“部落”、“族”等来表述不同的民族和部落。但是在新中国成立以前,对这些部落或民族是否是真正意义上的民族,始终没有科学、统一的识别,以至于造成了称谓混乱、族落庞杂的局面。中国少数民族由于历史、地理、人文等多方面的原因,各种自称和他称,名目纷繁。1953年全国第一次人口普查时,汇总登记的民族名称达400多个,仅云南省就有260多个。在落实民族平等、民族团结等政策过程中,诸如各级人民代表大会里应有多少少数民族的名额、实行民族区域自治建立民族自治地方、帮助发展民族经济、开办民族学校、发展民族文化等,都需要首先弄清楚中国到底有多少民族,上述400多种族称,哪些是汉族的一部分,哪些是少数民族?在确定是少数民族的诸称中,还要弄清楚哪些是单一民族,哪些是某一少数民族中的一部分。这种为确定民族族别和族属而作的调查研究、征得各民族同意,经过法律程序认定,并由中央正式公布的工作过程,称为民族识别。这是推行民族平等政策的必不可少的前提。识别民族成分依据什么1953年,全国人口普查汇总所报民族名称达400多个,依据什么来识别哪些是单一民族,哪些是某个民族中的一部分呢?在当时,我们所能遵循的基本的理论依据,是1913年斯大林在《马克思主义和
Why national identification? Since ancient times, China was a country with many nationalities. Hundreds and thousands of years of ethnic groups found in historical records often belonged to different ethnic groups, such as “people”, “people”, “ ”, “ Species ”, “ country ”, “ Department ”, “ tribal ”, “ family ”and so on to express different nationalities and tribes. However, until the founding of New China, there was no scientific and uniform identification of these tribes or nationalities in the true sense of the word, resulting in chaotic appeals and complex ethnic groups. Due to various reasons such as history, geography, and humanity, all ethnic minorities in China claim various personalities and claim that they have numerous titles. In the first census of China in 1953, more than 400 ethnic names were collectively registered, with more than 260 in Yunnan alone. In the process of implementing such policies as ethnic equality and national unity, such as the number of ethnic minority places in the people’s congresses at all levels, the implementation of regional ethnic autonomy to establish national autonomous areas, the development of national economy, the establishment of ethnic schools and the development of national culture, We need to first figure out how many ethnic groups in the world are there. What the above-mentioned 400 ethnic groups claim is a part of the Han ethnic group and what are the ethnic minorities? Among the ethnic groups that are identified as ethnic minorities, it is also necessary to find out which ethnic groups are single and which are certain Part of a minority. This kind of investigation and study for the purpose of determining nationalities and ethnic groups requires the consent of all ethnic groups, the legal procedures, and the work process formally announced by the Central Government called ethnic identification. This is an indispensable prerequisite for implementing the policy on ethnic equality. What is the basis for the identification of ethnic composition In 1953, the national census summary reported more than 400 ethnic names, according to what to identify which is a single nation, which is part of a nation? At that time, we can follow the basic The theoretical basis is Stalin in 1913 in "Marxism and