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目的了解高校学生艾滋病、性病、病毒性肝炎、肺结核等重点传染病防治知识、态度和行为,为高校健康教育工作提供依据。方法采用以班为单位的整群抽样方法,抽取786名研究对象,进行现场问卷调查。结果大学生对艾滋病传播途径、预防措施知识了解较好,知晓率在70.1%～93.6%之间,平均为84.3%;对艾滋病非传播途径知识知晓率较差,知晓率在47.9%～72.5%之间,平均为60.8%。对性病主要传播途径的知晓率为78.0%,对性病可通过被污染的床上用品、马桶、浴巾等物品间接传播的知晓率为44.5%;对乙肝传播途径的知晓率在36.3%～60.0%之间,其中对乙肝可通过性接触传播的知晓率仅为36.3%;对甲肝主要传播途径的知晓率为25.1%;对肺结核防治知识知晓率在19.1%～81.7%之间,平均为59.2%;对肺结核主要传播途径的知晓率为57.5%,对“咳嗽、咳痰超过2周以上应怀疑肺结核”的知晓率仅为19.1%。结论高校学生对传染病防治知识需求较大。应该尽快加强重点传染病的健康教育工作,健康教育的重点放在病毒性肝炎、肺结核、性病防治知识以及艾滋病的非传播途径上。
Objective To understand the knowledge, attitude and behavior of AIDS prevention, STDs, viral hepatitis and tuberculosis among college students in prevention and treatment of major infectious diseases and provide basis for their health education. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to classify 786 subjects and conduct field survey. Results The students knew better about the ways of AIDS transmission and the precautionary measures, the awareness rate was between 70.1% and 93.6%, with an average of 84.3%. The awareness rate of AIDS knowledge about the non-transmission route was poor with the awareness rate ranging from 47.9% to 72.5% Between, on average 60.8%. The awareness rate of the main route of transmission of STDs was 78.0%. The awareness of STDs indirectly transmitted through contaminated bedding, toilets, bath towels and other items was 44.5%. The awareness rate of transmission routes of hepatitis B was between 36.3% and 60.0% Among which 36.3% knew about the transmission of hepatitis B through sexual contact, 25.1% knew the main route of transmission of hepatitis A, 59.1% knew the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis from 19.1% to 81.7% The rate of awareness of the main route of transmission of tuberculosis was 57.5%. Only 19.1% of the patients were aware of “tuberculosis suspected of having cough or expectoration for more than two weeks.” Conclusion There is a great need for university students knowledge of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. The health education of key infectious diseases should be strengthened as soon as possible. The focus of health education is on the viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, STD prevention and control knowledge and the non-transmission path of AIDS.