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国内外铁路部门对于轮轨关系的研究均极为重视,轮轨关系是轮与轨几何关系与物理关系的概括。几何关系指其各自的几何尺寸、接触踏面形状、轮缘与钢轨之间的间隙、运行时轮轨轴线形成的角度、转向架与曲线相对位置的变化等因素。物理关系则指其各自的强度、硬度、冲击韧性、脆性、金属结构、接触压力、粘着系数、摩擦系数、运动特性等因素。机车车辆在线路上运行,主要靠机车将动力通过轮轨间的粘着摩擦形成牵引力而实现的,因此轮轨产生摩擦损耗
The railway departments both at home and abroad have attached great importance to the research on the relationship between the wheel-rail, and the relationship between the wheel and the rail is a generalization of the geometric and physical relationship between the wheel and the rail. Geometrical relations refer to their respective geometrical dimensions, the shape of the contact tread, the gap between the rim and the rail, the angle formed by the wheel-rail axis during operation, and the relative position of the bogie and the curve. Physical relationship refers to their respective strength, hardness, impact toughness, brittleness, metal structure, contact pressure, adhesion coefficient, friction coefficient, kinematic characteristics and other factors. Locomotives and vehicles running on the line, the main locomotive will be driven by friction between the wheels and rails to form traction traction achieved, so wheel and rail friction loss