Effects of alkaline cations (M~+= Li~+, Na~+, K~+, Cs~+) on the electrochemical synthesis of polyani

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The effects of alkaline cations (M+= Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+) on the electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline were car-ried out under cyclovoltammetric conditions using nitrates of Li+, Na+, K+, and Cs+ as the supporting electrolytes. The re-sults show that the oxidation potentials of aniline in the electrolytes decrease as the protonation extent of aniline decreasesfrom the first scan, which is caused by the decrease of the ionic radius of alkaline metal ions at the same concentration ofalkaline cations. With the scan number increasing, the deposit charge Q as the characteristic growth function also dependson the protonation of aniline, and it increases with the ionic radius of alkaline cations increasing. SEM images show the ef-fect of alkaline cations on the morphology of polyaniline. It is clear that the ionic mobility of alkaline cations is furtherlower than that of H+. Alkaline cations and counter-ions were the species responsible for the enhancement of Pani electro-synthesis. Therefore, this is exactly what SEM images show: a relatively rough fibrous structure in the case of Pani-H+ sug-gesting a sponge-like structure and a highly orderly fiber-like structure in the case of Pani-M+. The effects of alkaline cations (M + = Li +, Na +, K +, Cs +) on the electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline were car-ried out under cyclovoltammetric conditions using nitrates of Li +, Na +, K +, and Cs + as the supporting electrolytes. The re-sults show that the oxidation potentials of aniline in the electrolytes decrease as the protonation extent of aniline decreasesfrom the first scan, which is caused by the decrease of the ionic radius of alkaline metal ions at the same concentration ofalkaline cations. With the scan number increasing, the deposit charges Q as the characteristic growth function also dependson the protonation of aniline, and it increases with the ionic radius of alkaline cations increasing. SEM images show the ef-fect of alkaline cations on the morphology of polyaniline. It is clear that the ionic mobility of alkaline cations is furtherlower than that of H +. Alkaline cations and counter-ions were the species responsible for the enhancement of Pani electro-synthesis. Therefor e, this is exactly what SEM images show: a relatively rough fibrous structure in the case of Pani-H + sug-gesting a sponge-like structure and a highly orderly fiber-like structure in the case of Pani-M +.
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