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一、应知应会:1.当对比元素原子半径和离子半径时:同周期元素随着原子序数的增加,原子半径逐渐减小,但惰性元素原子半径突增。同主族元素的原子半径随着原子序数的增大而增大,但副族元素的原子半径变化不大。同种元素的金属的离子半径比其原子半径要小,而阴离子的半径比其原子半径要大。同周期元素金属离子半径随着原子序数的递增而减小,非金属元素的阴离子半径随着原子序数的递增减小,但比金属阳离子都大的很多。核外电子层结构相同时,核电荷大的半径就小;同种元素的离子半径对比时,价态高的比价态低的半径要小。
1. It should be known that: 1. When comparing the atomic radius and the ionic radius of an element, the atomic radius decreases as the atomic number of the same period element increases, but the atomic radius of the inert element suddenly increases. The atomic radius of the same main group element increases with the increase of the atomic number, but the atomic radius of the subgroup element does not change much. The ionic radius of the metal of the same element is smaller than its atomic radius, and the radius of the anion is larger than its atomic radius. At the same period, the metal ion radius of the element decreases with increasing atomic number, and the anion radius of the non-metal element decreases with increasing atomic number, but is much larger than metal cation. When the structure of the outer nuclear electronic layer is the same, the radius of the large nuclear charge is small; when the ionic radius of the same kind of element is compared, the radius of the high-valence comparison state has a small radius.