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以农作物玉米秸和稻草、牛粪为原料,分别设计双孢蘑菇Agaricus bisporus堆肥配方并进行堆肥发酵,研究二者堆肥过程中真菌多样性。在建堆、一次发酵结束和二次发酵结束3个时期分别采集堆肥样品,提取总DNA,以真菌18S rDNA基因通用引物,进行PCR‐DGGE扩增和序列分析。累计获得39条特异条带18S rDNA基因信息,分属于真菌14个属、藻类7个属和原生动物3个属。子囊菌是两种配方堆肥过程中的优势菌群,建堆时期的优势类群为Pichia和Wickerhamomyces,一次和二次发酵时期的优势类群为Chaetomium和Lecythophora。多样性指数分析显示,稻草配方微生物多样性大于玉米秸配方;主成分分析(PCA)显示,玉米秸配方一次发酵结束时期与稻草和玉米二次发酵结束时期聚为一类,说明玉米秸配方堆肥提前腐熟。
Agaricus bisporus composting formula of Agaricus bisporus was designed and composted and fermented using corn stalks, straw and cow dung as raw materials to study the fungal diversity of the composting process. The composting samples were collected at the end of the first fermentation and the end of the second fermentation, and the total DNA was extracted. The primers of the 18S rDNA gene of fungi were amplified by PCR-DGGE and sequenced. A total of 39 specific bands of 18S rDNA gene information were obtained, belonging to 14 genera of fungi, 7 genera of algae and 3 genera of protozoa. Ascomycetes is the predominant microflora in the two composting processes. The dominant groups in the pile-forming period are Pichia and Wickerhamomyces. The dominant groups in the primary and secondary fermentation periods are Chaetomium and Lecythophora. The analysis of diversity index showed that the microbial diversity of rice straw formula was greater than that of corn straw. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the end of primary fermentation of corn straw formula was the same as the end of secondary fermentation of straw and corn, indicating that corn straw formula compost Premature maturity.