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为探讨水稻长穗大粒RILs群体主要品质性状的遗传规律,以自育的一个水稻长穗大粒品系FJCD与籼型三系恢复系IR24配制杂交组合,单粒传法构建含有178个株系的RILs群体(F11)为材料,分别在福州和沙县2个不同生态条件下种植,采用植物数量性状的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型及其相应的统计方法,研究水稻主要品质性状的遗传特征。结果表明:除了精米率呈多基因遗传外,其他9个品质性状的最适遗传模型符合主基因+多基因混合遗传。精米率、米粒长、米粒宽、米粒长宽比、透明度、碱消值和直链淀粉含量在不同环境中表现相似的遗传模型;整精米率、垩白度和垩白粒率表现不同的遗传模型。由主基因遗传率为主的有整精米率、米粒长、垩白粒率、垩白度、透明度、碱消值和直链淀粉含量;由多基因遗传率为主的有米粒宽和米粒长宽比。环境因素对碱消值的影响最大。在不同生态条件下稻米主要品质性状间的相关性有82.22%的比率表现较为一致,不因环境的变化而改变其相关性。因此,在稻米品质选择与鉴定时需对整精米率、垩白度和垩白粒率在多个特定环境中进行,才能提高育种效率;对由主基因和多基因遗传率为主的性状需分别采用不同选择方法和育种策略。
In order to investigate the genetic rule of main quality traits in RILs population of long panicles of rice, a cross between FJCD and indica three-line restorer lines IR24 was used to construct a hybrid combination. One single grain method was used to construct 178 lines of RILs (F11) were planted in Fuzhou and Shaxian respectively under two different ecological conditions. Genetic characteristics of the main quality traits in rice were studied by using the major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model of plant quantitative traits and their corresponding statistical methods. The results showed that the optimal genetic model of the other 9 quality traits was in line with the major gene + polygene mixed inheritance except that the milled rice rate was polygenic. Milled rice rate, rice length, rice grain width, rice grain length-width ratio, transparency, alkali consumption value and amylose content in different environments showed similar genetic models; milled rice rate, chalkiness and chalky grain rate showed different genetic model. The main heritability of the main gene milled rice rate, length of rice, chalky grain rate, chalkyness, transparency, alkali consumption and amylose content; mainly from the polygene heritability rice grain width and grain length Aspect ratio. Environmental factors have the greatest impact on the value of alkaline consumption. The correlation between the main quality traits of rice under different ecological conditions showed 82.22% of the performance of the more consistent, not because of environmental changes and change their relevance. Therefore, in the selection and identification of rice quality, it is necessary to carry out milled rice rate, chalky rice degree and chalky grain rate in several specific environments to improve the breeding efficiency. For traits dominated by major genes and polygene heritability We adopt different selection methods and breeding strategies respectively.