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一氧化碳(CO)是一种惰性气体,但由于其能与氧气竞争性结合血红蛋白,所以在过去的很长一段时间里被认为是一种有毒气体。生物体内存在一类能够产生内源性CO的酶系统,即血红素加氧酶(HO),HO催化血红素降解为Fe~(2+)、胆绿素和CO气体。HO主要分为HO-1、HO-2和HO-3这3种亚型,其中HO-2、HO-3在生物体内组成型表达,表达量不受外界刺激影响,而HO-1在应激状态下表达量增高。1991年,Mark等发现,在生物体内,CO气体参与多种病理生理过程,从而揭开了人们对CO的生物学作用的研究热潮。随着研究的不断深入,人们发现CO在生物体内是一种重要的气体信号分子。本文就CO在生物体内功能的研究进展综述如下。
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an inert gas, but has been considered a noxious gas for a long time because of its ability to bind hemoglobin competitively with oxygen. In vivo, there is a class of enzymes that produce endogenous CO, namely heme oxygenase (HO), which catalyzes the degradation of heme to Fe 2+, biliverdin and CO gas. HO is mainly divided into three subtypes of HO-1, HO-2 and HO-3, in which HO-2 and HO-3 are expressed constitutively in vivo and the expression level is not affected by external stimuli. HO- The expression of excited state increased. In 1991, Mark et al. Found that CO gas participates in a variety of pathophysiological processes in organisms and thus uncovers a research craze for the biological effects of CO. With the deepening of the research, it was found that CO is an important gas signaling molecule in the organism. In this paper, the research progress of CO in vivo functions are summarized as follows.