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美国是世界最大的空调和制冷设备市场之一。作为空调和制冷设备的主要消费市场,美国消耗了大部分氯氟碳化物(CFC)和氢氯氟碳化物(HCFC)产品。 美国是在蒙特利尔条约上签字的首批国家之一,并且承担起自已的责任,制定了一项全国法律,叫做1990年美国清洁空气法。美国已经开始逐步减少CFC的生产和使用,制造厂商也将遵循这项法律,达到或者超过蒙特利尔条约规定的要求。 HCFC-22是美国使用最广泛的制冷剂。这是因为家用和小型商用单元空调设备得到普及,而它们几乎全部依靠HCFC - 22。显然,逐步减少HCFC - 22的生产,将对美国产生重大影响。目前规定HCFC - 22的完全停产期限是2020年。美国空调与制冷协会(ARI)制定了HCFC - 22的代用制冷剂鉴定计划(AREP),帮助制造厂商获得多种HCFC - 22和R502的代用制冷剂性能数据。有些代用制冷剂具有同基本制冷剂几乎相同的效果,有时甚至还超过基本制冷剂的性能。目前,尚未发现一种代用制冷剂可以作为通用制冷剂,在所有制冷应用场合使用。
The United States is one of the largest markets for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment in the world. As a major consumer market for air conditioners and refrigeration equipment, the United States consumes most of its CFC and HCFC products. The United States is one of the first countries to sign the Montreal treaty and assumes its own responsibility and has enacted a national law called the 1990 Clean Air Act of the United States. The United States has begun to gradually reduce the CFC production and use, manufacturers will also follow this law, meet or exceed the Montreal Treaty requirements. HCFC-22 is the most widely used refrigerant in the United States. This is due to the popularity of air-conditioning equipment for both domestic and small commercial units, almost all of which depend on HCFC-22. Obviously, the gradual reduction of HCFC-22 production will have a significant impact on the United States. The current deadline for the complete phase-out of HCFC-22 is 2020. The American Society for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (ARI) has developed the Alternative Refrigerant Identification Program (AREP) for HCFC-22 to help manufacturers obtain alternative refrigerant performance data for a wide range of HCFC-22 and R502. Some alternative refrigerants have nearly the same effect as the base refrigerant, sometimes even exceeding the performance of the base refrigerant. At present, no alternative refrigerant has been found to be useful as a general purpose refrigerant for all refrigeration applications.