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清末民初国家的权力以非常理性的方式强化了对国民和社会的监控,通过大规模的统计调查实现了对信息的控制,从而将个体的国民变成国家可以加以掌控、指导、征发、分配的对象,通过建立新式监狱对社会正常秩序的越轨者进行了规训,通过兴办新式学堂对未来的合格公民进行了规训,通过建立新式警察实现了对城市空间中的安全、消防、卫生、文化活动的治理,将公共空间中发生的一切纳入自己的掌控之中,最后国家还对过去通常自由生长的城市进行雄心勃勃的管控和规划,直接指导城市的发展。在这个从传统帝国向近代民族国家转型的重要阶段,国家的权力不是削弱了,而是以前所未有的深度和广度渗透到了社会的每一个角落,直接与每一个公民对话。
The power of the state in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China strengthened the surveillance of the people and the society in a very rational way and realized the control of information through large-scale statistical surveys, so as to turn the individual nationals into countries that they can control, direct, issue and distribute , Set up new prisons to regulate the evils of the normal social order, regulate the future qualified citizens through the establishment of new schools, and set up new-type police to achieve the goal of safety, firefighting, sanitation, The governance of cultural activities incorporated everything that had taken place in public space into their own hands. Finally, the state also ambitiously controlled and planned cities that used to be free to grow, directly guiding the development of the city. In this important stage of transition from the traditional empire to the modern nation-state, the power of the state is not weakened. Instead, it permeates every corner of society with unprecedented depth and breadth and directly talks with every citizen.