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【目的】旨在探讨大穗型杂交粳稻库容构成特征及其穗部性状,探索其群体生产力增长途径。【方法】采用大田试验,以具有代表性的8个大穗型杂交粳稻品种(A18/F7562、A2/F7563、A20/F7501、A5/F9249、A2/F7513、A20/F7503、甬优8号和甬优13号)和2个中等穗型常规粳稻品种(武运粳7号和武粳15)为材料,对大穗型杂交粳稻产量构成特征、群体颖花量、库容量、穗部性状等进行系统的研究。【结果】大穗型杂交粳稻产量、群体颖花量、库容量、穗长、着粒密度、单穗重、每穗一次枝梗数、一次枝梗单枝梗着粒数、每穗一次枝梗总粒数、每穗二次枝梗数、二次枝梗单枝梗着粒数和每穗二次枝梗总粒数显著或极显著高于中等穗型常规粳稻,穗数、结实率、千粒重、一次枝梗结实率和二次枝梗结实率极显著低于中等穗型常规粳稻。随着每穗粒数的增加,大穗型杂交粳稻产量、群体颖花量、库容量和二次枝梗结实率先增后减,穗长、着粒密度、单穗重、每穗一次枝梗数、一次枝梗单枝梗着粒数、每穗一次枝梗总粒数、每穗二次枝梗数、二次枝梗单枝梗着粒数和每穗二次枝梗总粒数不断增加,穗数、结实率、千粒重、一、二次枝梗数比值、一、二次枝梗总粒数比值和一次枝梗结实率不断降低,除产量、库容量和二次枝梗结实率外其它与每穗粒数的相关均达到显著或极显著水平。每穗粒数的提高由中等穗型到偏大穗型,主要依靠一次枝梗的贡献,而由偏大穗型到大穗型以及特大穗型和超大穗型,则主要依靠二次枝梗的贡献。在满足一定穗数和具备稳定的结实率的基础上,提高千粒重,是充分利用大穗型杂交粳稻获取超高产的关键;提高群体颖花量是增加产量的基础,而提高库容量是增加产量的重点,在提高群体颖花量的同时还需兼顾千粒重的稳定。【结论】在本试验条件下,大穗型杂交粳稻每穗粒数250左右时穗粒结构合理,群体颖花量高,库容充实足,产量最理想。随着水稻品种和栽培技术的不断进步,其最适值还将可能更高。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the compositional characteristics and panicle traits of large panicle type japonica hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) and to explore ways to increase their population productivity. 【Method】 A total of 8 large panicle hybrid japonica rice cultivars (A18 / F7562, A2 / F7563, A20 / F7501, A5 / F9249, A2 / F7513, A20 / F7503, Yongyou 13) and two middle-panicle conventional japonica rice varieties (Wuyunjing 7 and Wujing 15) were selected to study the characteristics of yield components, population spikelet capacity, storage capacity, panicle traits, etc. of large panicle type japonica hybrid rice Conduct systematic research. 【Result】 The results showed that the yield of large-panicle type japonica hybrid rice, the population spikelet capacity, the storage capacity, the spike length, the grain density, the spike weight per panicle, the number of primary branches per panicle, the number of single stems per branch, the number of primary branches per panicle The number of total grains, the number of secondary branches per panicle, the number of single branchlets of secondary branch and the number of secondary branches per panicle were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of middle-aged panicles with normal ears, spike number, seed setting rate, , The rate of primary branch stalk and the rate of secondary branch stalk were significantly lower than those of medium-panicle conventional japonica rice. With the increase of grain number per spike, the yield of big-panicle type japonica hybrid rice, population spikelet capacity, storage capacity and secondary branchlet setting increased first and decreased later, panicle length, grain density, single ear weight, primary branch number per spike , The number of single branchlets per stem, the number of primary stems per panicle, the number of secondary branches per panicle, the number of single stems of secondary branch and the number of total secondary particles per panicle, Spike number, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, the ratio of primary and secondary branches, the ratio of the total grains of primary and secondary branches and the rate of primary branch and seed setting decreased continuously, with the exception of the yield, The correlation of grain number per spike reached significant or extremely significant level. The number of grain per spike increased from middle-spike to large-spike and mainly relied on the contribution of primary branch, but from large panicle to large panicle and extra panicle and panicle, Contributions. It is the key to make full use of large-panicle japonica hybrid rice to obtain super-high yield on the basis of meeting a certain number of spikes and having a stable seed setting rate. Increasing the population spikelet yield is the basis for increasing yield, while increasing the storage capacity is to increase the yield The focus of the group to increase the amount of splinter while taking into account the stability of the 1000-grain weight. 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment, the spikelet structure of large-panicle hybrid japonica rice was about 250 grains per spike, the population spikelet was high, the storage capacity was enough and the yield was the best. With the continuous improvement of rice varieties and cultivation techniques, its optimum value will probably be higher.