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中学是人生的重要转折点,也是塑形的重要时期,既要学升学所必需的基础知识和技能,还应当掌握探索未知事物的能力,成为具有创新精神的有用人才,这就要求我们在教学中把握好教材,注意使学生掌握一些探索研究问题的方法。把知识的传授和自然科学一般研究方法的训练很好结合起来。不只对学好中学知识有好处,而且对学生毕业后的学习和创造性的工作也有益。学生的探究方法,实际就是在教师指导下探索、研究客观事物的方法,非常重要,方法对, 就学得好而快,少走弯路。在物理教材的教学中涉及到的自然科学的一般研究方法归纳一下主要有猜想法、控制变量法、观察法、实验法、抽象和理想化法、类比法、理想模型法、转换法、等效(替代)法、还有分析法、综合法、归纳法、分类法、隔离法、假设法、比较法、实验推理法等等。本文仅就其中一些从教学过程以及教材的角度谈些自己的见解。
High school is an important turning point in life and also an important period of shaping. It not only requires us to acquire the necessary basic knowledge and skills for further studies, but also has the ability to explore unknown things and become an innovative and useful person. This requires that we be in teaching Grasp the teaching materials, pay attention to make students master some of the ways to explore research problems. The transfer of knowledge is well integrated with the training of general research methods in the natural sciences. It is not only good for learning good middle school knowledge, but it also benefits students after graduation in their study and creative work. Students’ method of inquiry is actually a method of exploring and studying objective things under the guidance of teachers. It is very important and methodologically correct to learn well and to avoid detours. The general research methods of natural science involved in the teaching of physics textbooks mainly include the conjecture method, control variable method, observation method, experiment method, abstract and idealization method, analogy method, ideal model method and conversion method (Alternative) law, as well as analytic, synthetic, inductive, taxonomy, isolation, hypothetical, comparative, experimental reasoning and so on. This article is only about some of them from the teaching process and teaching materials point of view about their own opinions.