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大肠杆菌属于人类和大多数温血动物肠道中的正常菌群,是一种对机体无害的共生菌。现已发现某些致病菌株可引起腹泻。根据其毒力性质、血清分型、对肠粘膜的作用、临床表现、流行病学特征等特点的不同,可将致腹泻性大肠杆菌归为五类,即肠毒素性大肠杆菌、肠侵袭性大肠杆菌、肠致病性大肠杆菌、肠出血性大肠杆菌及肠粘附性大肠杆菌。 1 各类致腹泻性大肠杆菌感染的特点 1.1 肠毒素性大肠杆菌(Enterotoxigenic E Coli,ETEC) ETEC感染主要由食用污染的食物和饮水而引起,是热带地区婴幼儿腹泻的重要病原,也是在世界范围内与旅游者腹泻关系最密切的病原菌。临床表现以水样腹泻为主。幼儿和老年患者可因严重腹泻引起失水、电解质紊乱、酸硷失衡而致死。ETEC经口进入
Escherichia coli is a normal flora in the gut of humans and most warm-blooded animals and is a commensal bacterium that is not harmful to the body. It has been found that certain pathogenic strains can cause diarrhea. According to its virulence properties, serotyping, the role of intestinal mucosa, clinical manifestations, epidemiological characteristics of different, can be classified as diarrhea Escherichia coli into five categories, namely enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, intestinal invasive Escherichia coli, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Enteric Adhesive Escherichia coli. 1 various types of diarrhea caused by infection of E. coli characteristics of 1.1 Enterotoxigenic E. coli (Enterotoxigenic E Coli, ETEC) ETEC infection is mainly caused by eating contaminated food and drinking water, is an important cause of diarrhea in infants and young children in the tropics, but also in the world The most closely related pathogens to tourists and diarrhea. Clinical manifestations of diarrhea-based water. Toddlers and elderly patients can cause dehydration due to severe diarrhea, electrolyte imbalance, acid-base imbalance and death. ETEC entered by mouth