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①国家治理的普遍性和多样性从确知的历史以来,人类都是以群居的方式生活在一个个相对独立的地域,形成自我治理的共同体。有些共同体之间分分合合,最后稳定为一种称之为“国家”的共同体当中。这也是当今人类生活于其中的主要共同体形式。大凡国家,其内部都有一些相对独立的治理理念、治理主体、治理结构、治理机制等,它们相互联系、相互作用就构成了所谓的“国家治理体系”。在以国家为主要单位的文明交流中,某些国家的治理经验扩展为普遍的追求,成
① The Universality and Diversity of State Governance Since its history, human beings have lived in groups of relatively independent areas and formed a community of self-governance. Some communities are divided and sub-divided and finally stabilized into a community called “the state.” This is also the main form of community in which mankind lives today. In almost every country, there are some relatively independent governance concepts, governance entities, governance structures and governance mechanisms in their internal affairs. They are interconnected and interact with each other to form a so-called “national governance system.” In the exchange of civilizations with the state as the main unit, the experience of governance in some countries has been expanded to the universal pursuit.