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A number of studies have shown how to eliminate the misorientated docking of the peripheral nerve bundle in the traditional epineurium or perineudum anastomosis, thus avoiding neuroma formation and axonal outgrowth from the coaptation sites, and seriously hindering neural function recovery. Based on the peripheral nerve selective regeneration theory, this experiment was designed to investigate the feasibility and benefits of a new small gap anastomosis repairing peripheral nerve rupture, by scissoring and sleeve jointing an autologous epineurium. In the proximal stump of the nerve, a 1 mm-long epineurium was annularly separated and removed, while a 3 mm-long epineurium was longitudinally incised in the distal stump after the epineurium was dissociated from proximal to distal. The epineuria of the two stumps and the longitudinal incision were sutured, leaving a 2 mm gap between the two nerve stumps. Results show that the experimental rats quickly recovered autonomic activities, and there were minimal adhesions at the outer surface of the epineurial tube to the surrounding tissue. The morphologic changes to the sciatic nerve showed that connective tissue hyperplasia of the small gaps was significantly reduced, and nerve fibers were arranged orderly. No such changes were observed in the neurorrhaphy in situ group. Thus, the experiment confirmed that the new small gap anastomosis to repair peripheral nerve rupture by scissoring and sleeve jointing autologous epineurium is feasible, and that it is superior to epineurium neurorrhaphy in situ.