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腹泻在新生儿期并不少见,多由喂养不当、肠道内外感染引起。它是肠功能紊乱的一种表现,导致水和电解质过多地从大便中丢失,大便次数增加、水分增多或大便习惯改变。由于新生儿免疫系统发育不完善、细胞免疫和体液免疫还不成熟,防御感染的机能低下,加之胎儿从无菌环境到生后急速地暴露在各种细菌存在的环境中,开始在肠道内形成细菌丛等新情况,因此新生儿易患消化道感染性腹泻,并可在新生儿室引起流行。其发病机制,临床表现及治疗与婴幼儿及年长儿有所不同。
Diarrhea is not uncommon in the neonatal period, mostly caused by improper feeding, intestinal infections inside and outside. It is a manifestation of bowel dysfunction, resulting in excessive loss of water and electrolytes from stool, increased stool frequency, increased water or altered stool habits. Due to imperfect development of the immune system of the newborn, cellular immunity and humoral immunity are not mature, the performance of defensive infection, combined with the fetus from sterile environment to rapid exposure after birth in a variety of bacteria exist in the environment, began to form in the intestine Bacterial clumps and other new conditions, so neonatal susceptible to gastrointestinal infectious diarrhea, and can cause epidemics in the neonatal room. Its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment and infants and young children are different.