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[目的]探究2010年丰、枯水期钱塘江水有机提取物的致突变性及枯水期水样有机提取物对斑马鱼早期胚胎发育的影响。[方法]分别采集丰、枯水期钱塘江18个位点水样各100 L,用XAD-2树脂提取有机物,设置0.6、1.25、2.5和5 L/皿(即每皿含0.6、1.25、2.5和5 L原水样)剂量组,采用Ames试验检测并比较丰、枯水期水样的致突变性。采用显微注射的方法将受精后6 h的斑马鱼胚胎暴露于枯水期水样提取物(5 L/m L),注射量为5 n L,每24 h在显微镜下观察一次,连续观察5d,记录死亡个数及畸形发生率。[结果]钱塘江枯水期水样有机提取物致突变性高于丰水期。位于上游的A江段除采样点3外其余水样提取物在丰、枯水期都具有较强的致突变性;丰水期B、D段致突变性较小,仅采样点9和14呈阳性,C、E段无致突变性;枯水期B、C、E段致突变性增加,D段仅采样点14呈阳性,致突变性相对较小。斑马鱼胚胎实验显示,枯水期水样提取物对斑马鱼胚胎各暴露组致死率均<10%;具有致畸性,主要干扰胚胎心脏、脑、肝脏发育及鱼鳔充气、卵黄吸收等;A、B段水样提取物暴露组致畸率为30%~90%,C段致畸率为50%~100%,D、E段致畸性相对较小,致畸率分别为20%~50%和40%~60%。[结论]钱塘江水样有机提取物具有致突变性,且对斑马鱼胚胎具有致畸性。枯水期水样致突变性大于丰水期。
[Objective] The research aimed to investigate the mutagenicity of organic extracts of Qiantang River water in 2010 and dry season, and the effects of organic extracts of water samples during dry season on zebrafish early embryo development. [Method] The water samples of 18 sites in Qiantang River were collected respectively in the dry season and the dry season for 100 L each. The organic materials were extracted with XAD-2 resin, and 0.6, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 L / 5 L raw water) dose group, using Ames test to detect and compare abundance, dry season water-induced mutagenicity. The zebrafish embryos at 6 h after fertilization were exposed to 5 L / mL aqueous extract of dry season by microinjection. The injected volume was 5 n L and observed under a microscope every 24 h. The embryos were observed continuously for 5 days, Record the number of deaths and the incidence of deformity. [Result] The mutagenicity of organic extracts from water samples in Qiantang River during dry season was higher than that in wet season. In the upstream section of river A, except for sampling point 3, the remaining water samples had strong mutagenicity in both dry and plump periods; the mutagenicity in sections B and D in wet season was small, and only samples 9 and 14 were positive , Mutants in C and E did not mutagenicity. The mutagenicity of B, C and E in dry season increased, and the sampling point 14 in D was positive and the mutagenicity was relatively small. The zebrafish embryo experiments showed that the water cuttings of dry season were less than 10% of the exposed groups of zebrafish embryos. It had teratogenicity and mainly interfered with embryonic heart, brain and liver development and aegis inflation and yolk absorption. A and B The teratogenic rate of segment water samples exposed group was 30% -90%, the teratogenic rate of C segment was 50% -100%, the teratogenicity of segments D and E was relatively small, the teratogenic rates were 20% -50% And 40% to 60%. [Conclusion] The organic extract of Qiantang River had mutagenicity and teratogenic to zebrafish embryo. Mutagenicity of water samples in dry season is greater than that in wet season.