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一、引言 随着生态环境的日益恶化、环保法律的不断完善和公众环保意识的逐步提高,绿色制造、绿色产品、绿色包装、绿色技术等概念已越来越被大家所接受,绿色制造将逐渐成为制造业赢得市场竞争的新的制造战略。 实施绿色制造,主要应考虑“五绿”问题,即,绿色设计、绿色材料、绿色工艺、绿色包装和绿色处理。其中绿色设计是关键,它在很大程度上决定了材料、工艺、包装和回收处理的绿色性。有关资料表明,尽管设计费用仅占总成本的30％,但设计阶段决定了产品寿命周期资源消耗的80％至90％。有人还提出了“1:10:100”理论,即如果在设计阶段改变设计的费用为1美元,则在产品原型阶段改变原型的费用为10美元,而在正式生产过程中的改变费用高达100美元。因此,搞好绿色设计是实施绿色制造的根本措施。
I. INTRODUCTION With the deterioration of ecological environment, the continuous improvement of environmental laws and the gradual improvement of public awareness of environmental protection, the concepts of green manufacturing, green products, green packaging and green technology have become increasingly accepted by all, and green manufacturing will gradually be adopted Become a manufacturing manufacturing industry to win market competition new manufacturing strategy. The implementation of green manufacturing should mainly consider the “green” issue, namely green design, green materials, green technology, green packaging and green treatment. Green design is the key, which largely determines the greenness of materials, processes, packaging and recycling. The information shows that, although design costs make up only 30% of the total cost, the design phase determines between 80% and 90% of the product’s life cycle resource consumption. It was also proposed the “1:10: 100” theory that if the cost of a design was changed to $ 1 during the design phase, then the prototype was changed for $ 10 during the prototyping phase and $ 100 for a formal change in manufacturing Dollars. Therefore, improving green design is the fundamental measure to implement green manufacturing.