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新民主主义革命时期,各革命根据地政府根据不同需要,先后发行了60余种公债券,以信用形式向人民群众举债。湘鄂西省苏维埃政府水利借券是目前所收集到的根据地最早发行的公债券实物。1931年入夏之后,全国遭遇了数十年罕遇的洪灾。由于国民党军阀连年混战,政府无暇顾及河湖堤垸的修整,造成堤坝年久失修。湘鄂西革命根据地大面积地区受灾,民众生产和生活极其困难。洪灾过后,为了救济灾荒、恢复生产、巩固政权,湘鄂西省苏维埃政府开展了一系列大规模的修堤运动,并专门发行了30万元的水利借券,以补充修复溃毁堤坝所需的经费。同时,通过各项决议案来大力鼓动推销水利借券。在当时根据地损失惨重、内忧外患的情况下,水利借券对于苏维埃政府筹集水利资金、恢复生产建设发挥了重要作用。本文结合中国国家博物馆藏券特征以及相关史实资料,对此种公债券的发行略作考述。
During the period of the new democratic revolution, the governments of all revolutionary bases distributed more than 60 kinds of public bonds according to different needs and used them to borrow money from the people by credit. Hunan, Hubei and Western provinces Soviet government water conservancy bonds is currently collected by the base of the earliest public offering of bonds in kind. After 1931 into the summer, the country suffered decades of rare floods. As the Kuomintang warlords scuffles over the years, the government no time to take into account the tributaries of the embankment embankment, resulting in dykes for a long time disrepair. It is extremely difficult for people to produce and live in large areas affected by the revolutionary base areas of Hunan, Hubei and western regions. After the flood, in order to relieve the famine, restore production and consolidate the regime, the Soviet Union in western Hubei and western Hubei carried out a series of large-scale repair dike movements and issued a special 300,000 yuan water conservancy license to replenish and repair the dam damaged. Of the funds. At the same time, through various resolutions to vigorously promote the sale of water conservancy bonds. At that time, base areas suffered heavy losses and internal and external disasters, the water conservancy bonds played an important role in raising funds for water resources and resuming production and construction in the Soviet government. This article combines the characteristics of China National Museum collections and related historical facts to make a brief account of the issuance of such bonds.