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1993年2月,在美国波士顿举行了国际上第一届进化医学大会。这标志着进化生物学的一个新分支——进化医学的崛起。与会人类学家和医学家提出,很多病理情况可能为对工业化以前生活方式适应的结果。现以目前阐释较多的乳腺癌为例,来说明此观点。美国亚特兰大艾摩莱大学的波依特·艾顿说,生殖类型的发生的变化可能有助于解释乳腺癌发病增加的原因。他指出,在青春期与第一个孩子出生之间,乳腺管系统迅速生长,保证乳腺充分发育以哺养第一个孩子。在第一次分娩后,管细胞增殖率减慢20倍。在史前妇女中,第一次月经与第一次分娩之间或许只隔开3—4年。但在受过教育的现代美国妇女中,此间隔平均为14年。这使乳腺管细胞以长得多的期限迅速分裂。这样从石器时代以来,人们患乳腺癌的危险性
February 1993, held in Boston, USA, the first International Conference on Evolutionary Medicine. This marks a new branch of evolutionary biology - the rise of evolutionary medicine. Participating anthropologists and medical scientists have suggested that many pathologies may be the result of adaptation to the pre-industrial lifestyle. Now to explain more breast cancer, for example, to illustrate this point. Poit Ayrton, of the University of Emory in Atlanta, said that changes in the genotype may help explain the increased incidence of breast cancer. He pointed out that between adolescence and the birth of the first child, the rapid growth of the ductal system ensures that the breast is fully developed to feed the first child. After the first delivery, tube cell proliferation rate slowed 20 times. Among prehistoric women, the first menstruation may be separated from the first birth by only 3-4 years. But among educated modern-day U.S. women, the average is 14 years. This causes the ductal cells to rapidly divide for a much longer duration. So from the Stone Age, people are at risk of breast cancer