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这篇就妇女社会地位的变化所作的比较性纵览,考察了女权主义社会科学家和性别社会学家提出的一些问题,诸如:社会学理论和女权主义理论之间的对话;关于妇女就业、政权,以及作为一种制度的家长制的辩论;性别及其与阶级、国家、集体行动和世界体系之间的交互作用;以及最能说明妇女地位何以在世界范围内发生变化的因素也提出了关于世界各地妇女地位趋势的实证性数据。本文认为,妇女的社会地位受到了城市化、工业化、无产阶级化的重大影响,也受影响于普及教育、法制改革和妇女运动。反过来,妇女或则通过有意识的妇女运动或则通过跻身公共部门,也助长了关键的社会机制的变化,其中有劳动力市场、政治一法律结构,还有家庭。这些变化有时遇到逆流(例如反对人工流产和原教旨主义运动),其结果是性别问题及妇女问题成为当代许多运动和论说的中心。虽然较之社会科学其他各学科,社会学相对能够考虑性别问题,因而女权主义者和社会科学家之间的对话还应继续。
This comparative overview of changes in the social status of women examines some of the issues raised by feminist social scientists and gender sociologists such as the dialogue between sociological theory and feminist theory, And the patriarchal debate as a system; the gender and its interaction with classes, nations, collective actions and the world system; and the factors that best illustrate why changes in the status of women worldwide have also raised questions about the Empirical data on trends in the status of women. This paper argues that the social status of women has been greatly influenced by urbanization, industrialization and proletarianism, as well as by the popularization of education, the reform of the legal system and the women’s movement. In turn, women, either through conscious women’s movements or through the public sector, have also contributed to the transformation of key social institutions, including the labor market, the political-legal structure, and the family. These changes sometimes encounter countercurrent flows (such as abortions and fundamentalist movements), with the result that gender and women’s issues become central to many contemporary campaigns and discourses. Although sociology may be able to consider gender issues more than any other subject in the social sciences, the dialogue between feminists and social scientists should continue.