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3、清朝军备和清政府及其官吏的形象巴尔福对清政府与它的官吏的印象显然是糟透了。在《远东漫游》一书的很多章节中,巴尔福对清政府与它的官吏的形象多有刻画,但少有正面之评语。在第五章“中国的军备”中,巴尔福通过论述和描写刻画出的清政府形象的特征是愚蠢、保守、腐朽和无能。在介绍清朝的军备时,巴尔福说,“清朝官吏十分愚蠢地使用欧洲的教官……所有受雇的外国军官后来都证实,士兵从来不被准许在营地呆足够长的时间”2,因此士兵们无法彻底地掌握现代的操练方式,所学的都是皮毛。巴尔福指出,当时中国军队的数量虽然巨大,但军纪松弛,军需匮乏,但是,“中国人从未真正地意识到他们的军
3. Image of the Qing Armed Forces and the Qing Government and Its Officials Balfour clearly appalled the Qing government and its officials. In many chapters of The Far East, Balfour portrays the image of the Qing government and its officials, but there are few positive comments. In chapter five, ”China’s Armed Forces,“ Balfour’s characterization of Qing government through discourse and description is stupid, conservative, decadent and incompetent. In introducing Qing’s armaments, Balfour said: ”The Qing officials were foolishly using European instructors ... All employed foreign officers later confirmed that soldiers were never allowed to stay long enough in camps.“ 2 ” Therefore, soldiers can not completely grasp the modern way of practice, what they learn is fur. Balfour pointed out that although the number of Chinese troops at that time was huge, military discipline was sluggish and military supplies were scarce. However, "Chinese people have never really realized their army