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Lung transplantation has been performed internationally as an effective treatment for a variety of end-stage lung diseases. A great disparity between the supply of donor organs and the demand of potential recipients has resulted in longer waiting time and annual increases in deaths on the lung transplant waiting list. Living-donor lobar lung transplantation (LDLLT) has become an established strategy to deal with the shortage of cadaveric donors. Encouraged by Starnes et al1 and Date et al,2 we began to apply the operation to a critically ill patient with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) firstly at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital in China.