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The cultivation of Panax plants is hindered by replanting problems,which may be caused by plantdriven changes in the soil microbial community.Inoculation with microbial antagonists may efficiently alleviate replanting issues.Through high-throughput sequencing,this study revealed that bacterial diversity decreased,whereas fungal diversity increased,in the rhizosphere soils of adult ginseng plants at the root growth stage under different ages.Few microbial community,such as Luteolibacter,Cytophagaceae,Luteibacter,Sphingomonas,Sphingomonadaceae,and Zygomycota,were observed;the relative abundance of microorganisms,namely,Brevundimonas,Enterobacteriaceae,Pandoraea,Cantharellales,Dendryphion,Fusarium,and Chytridiomycota,increased in the soils of adult ginseng plants compared with those in the soils of 2-year-old seedlings.Bacillus subtilis 50-1,a microbial antagonist against the pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum,was isolated through a dual culture technique.These bacteria acted with a biocontrol efficacy of 67.8％.The ginseng death rate and Fusarium abundance decreased by 63.3％ and 46.1％,respectively,after inoculation with B.subtilis 50-1.Data revealed that microecological degradation could result from ginseng-driven changes in rhizospheric microbial communities;these changes are associated with the different ages and developmental stages of ginseng plants.Biocontrol using microbial antagonists alleviated the replanting problem.