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基于莱州湾154个表层沉积物地球化学分析数据,结合相关地质资料,分析莱州湾表层沉积物重金属的分布规律及其来源,采用尼梅罗综合指数法进行评价。结果表明,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、As、Hg、Cd等7种元素平均含量分别为21.96×10-6、21.99×10-6、60.41×10-6、60.00×10-6、12.64×10-6、0.051×10-6、0.12×10-6;空间分布特征整体表现为重金属高值区在莱州湾的西部海域,来自莱州湾西部的陆源性输入和湾内潮流运动规律是造成这种分布趋势的影响因素;Cu、Pb、Zn主要来源于岩石的自然风化和侵蚀过程,Cr、Cd既有自然源的贡献,也受到人为活动的影响,而As、Hg主要受人为活动影响;小清河入海口附近海域、老黄河入海口附近海域和黄河入海口附近海域污染指数最高,莱州湾东南海域污染指数最低,呈西高东低的趋势。
Based on the geochemical data of 154 surface sediments in Laizhou Bay and the related geological data, the distribution laws and sources of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Laizhou Bay were analyzed and evaluated by Niemero’s comprehensive index method. The results showed that the average contents of seven elements Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, As, Hg and Cd were 21.96 × 10-6, 21.99 × 10-6, 60.41 × 10-6, 60.00 × 10-6 and 12.64 × 10-6,0.051 × 10-6 and 0.12 × 10-6. The spatial distribution of the whole area is characterized by the heavy metal high value region in the west of Laizhou Bay. The terrigenous input from the west of Laizhou Bay and the regularity of tidal flow in the bay are the reasons for this Cu, Pb and Zn are mainly originated from natural weathering and erosion processes of rock, while Cr and Cd contribute to natural resources as well as anthropogenic activities, while As and Hg are mainly influenced by human activities. The pollution index near the sea near the mouth of the Qinghe River, the sea near the mouth of the old Yellow River and the sea near the mouth of the Yellow River is the highest, and the pollution index of the southeast coast of Laizhou Bay is the lowest, showing a trend of low west and east.