论文部分内容阅读
英国的总研究与开发费用(97亿英镑——按90年10月的汇率计算约为194亿美元)只等于法国研究开发总费用(128亿英镑)的四分之三和德国研究开发总费用(190亿英镑)的一半。英国的开支大大低于现用的购买力比价汇率和国内生产总值的百分比。同时英国的数字还包括约等于国内生产总值0.5％的大量国防开发费用。尽管这三个国家的等值专职研究人员的总数差别不大,但按每个研究人员的费用计,英国(73000英镑)却大大低于德国(128000英镑)和法国(111000英镑)。下一事实仅是其
Total research and development costs in the United Kingdom (9.7 billion pounds - about 19.4 billion U.S. dollars at October 1990) only equal three-quarters of the total French research and development (128 billion pounds) and total German research and development costs (19 billion pounds) in half. Expenditure in the United Kingdom is well below the current exchange rate of purchasing power parity and the percentage of gross domestic product. At the same time, the UK figure includes a large amount of national defense development costs equivalent to about 0.5% of the gross domestic product. Although the total number of equivalent full-time researchers varies little among the three countries, the UK (73,000 pounds) is significantly lower than Germany (128,000 pounds) and France (111,000 pounds) per researcher. The only fact is the next one