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采用二倍体胚和三倍体胚乳种子遗传模型及其分析方法 ,以 5个玉米自交系及其间配制的F1,F2 ,BC1,BC2 为材料 ,研究了 5个玉米种子性状的胚直接效应、胚乳直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应。结果表明 ,除粒宽外 ,各性状的遗传同时由细胞质效应和胚、胚乳、母体基因效应所控制 ,百粒重主要受胚乳和母体效应的影响 ,粒长的遗传以母体效应为主 ,粒宽和粒厚以胚乳效应为主。各部位子粒百粒重的胚乳直接加性效应与母体加性效应的协方差达到显著或极显著水平 ,其余性状的胚、胚乳直接效应与母体效应间的协方差均不显著 ,通过母体植株的遗传表现可以对这些性状进行有效的选择。在提高百粒重的玉米育种中 ,以任一部位子粒百粒重作为选择标准可起到相同的选择效果 ,直接选择粒宽的分离类型 ,有利于获得大粒的遗传材料。S2 2 是改良百粒重的优良亲本
Using diploid embryo and triploid endosperm seed genetic model and its analysis method, five maize inbred lines and their F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 were used to study the embryo direct effect of five maize seed traits , Endosperm direct effect, maternal effect and cytoplasmic effect. The results showed that except grain width, the inheritance of traits was controlled by both cytoplasmic effect and embryo, endosperm and maternal gene effect. The 100-grain weight was mainly affected by endosperm and maternal effect. The inheritance of grain length was dominated by maternal effect. The width and grain thickness are dominated by the endosperm effect. The covariances of the direct additive effect of endosperm and the additive effect of maternal additive on each 100-grain weight of grain reached significant or extremely significant level. The covariances between the direct effect of embryo and endosperm and the maternal effect of other characters were not significant, Genetic performance can be an effective choice of these traits. The same selection effect can be obtained by using the 100-grain weight of any part as a selection criterion in improving 100-grain corn breeding, and the direct selection of the grain-wide separation type is advantageous for obtaining the large-grain genetic material. S2 2 is an excellent parent with improved 100-grain weight