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基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)是基质降解代谢的主要酶类,能够促进上皮细胞与周围组织分离,乳腺癌细胞及其周围的基质细胞均具有较强分泌MMPs的能力。多项研究表明,MMPs与乳腺癌细胞发生上皮间充质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)关系密切。随着研究的深入,发现多种黏附分子、生长因子及转录因子可与MMPs发生协同作用,以调控MMPs诱导的EMT。鉴于MMPs在乳腺癌EMT过程中的重要作用,MMPs已成为抗肿瘤治疗的新靶点。目前,临床上对MMPs抑制剂的研究较为广泛,但其疗效却未得到充分肯定,特异性低、副作用大成为此类药物临床推广的一大障碍。深入研究MMPs与乳腺癌EMT的关系及相关机制,将有望为乳腺癌防治提供新思路。
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the main enzymes of matrix degradation and metabolism, which can promote the separation of epithelial cells from the surrounding tissues. The breast cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells have the ability of secreting MMPs. A number of studies have shown that MMPs are closely related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells. With further research, we found that a variety of adhesion molecules, growth factors and transcription factors can cooperate with MMPs to regulate MMPs-induced EMT. Given the important role of MMPs in the EMT of breast cancer, MMPs have become a new target of anti-tumor therapy. At present, the clinical study of MMPs inhibitors is more extensive, but its efficacy has not been fully affirmed, low specificity, large side effects become a major obstacle to the clinical promotion of such drugs. In-depth study of MMPs and breast cancer EMT relationship and related mechanisms, will provide a new idea for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.