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本文简要地评述了一个世纪以来土壤学的进展及其在农业生产上所起的重要作用。土壤学的进展,除去本身的研究成果以外,研究手段的进步起了重大的作用,这包括光学和电子仪器的使用。文章强调了以R. A. Fisher为先导的生物统计学原理在土壤肥力研究方法上的创新意义。文章强调了土壤水分保持和运动,营养元素的转化,根际环境研究和耕作措施四个方面的成就及其在生产上的重要作用。这些成果的应用为农作物产量的显著增长作出了应有的贡献。文章最后指出,在今后的土壤学研究中,应重点解决影响产量的限制因素,而且应该进行多学科的协同研究。
This article briefly reviews the progress of pedology over the past century and its important role in agricultural production. Advances in soil science have played a major role, in addition to their own research achievements, in the advancement of research methods, including the use of optical and electronic instrumentation. The article highlights the innovative implications of biostatistics led by R. A. Fisher in the field of soil fertility research. The article emphasizes the achievements of four aspects of soil moisture conservation and movement, nutrient transformation, rhizosphere environment and cultivation measures and their important role in production. The application of these results has made due contributions to the significant increase in crop yields. Finally, the article points out that in future soil science research, we should focus on solving the limiting factors that affect the yield, and should conduct multidisciplinary collaborative research.