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1975年成都羊市街出土“别部司马”铜印一件。资料显示,这种东汉军队官员印章,在全国其他地区也有少量发现。据文献记载,别部司马是东汉时期别营的领兵官,早期直属于大将军。东汉末年,兵制受到破坏,别部司马的隶属也发生了较大变化。在东汉军队中,虽然别部司马的地位和官秩都不是很高,但东汉末年至三国一些著名历史人物,都曾担任过这一官职。由于东汉兵制对别部司马的领兵数并没有作出严格规定,加上“别营”、“别部司马”属于比较特殊的编制,具有很强的独立性,朝廷和各大割据势力也就将其作为收编流散武装、增强自身实力的手段和工具。在东汉末年争霸战争中,别营、别部司马为各方霸主争夺势力范围,发挥过十分重要的作用。随着三国鼎立局面的形成,别营和别部司马已经不适应当时形势需要,并开始逐步退出历史舞台。
Sheep Market in Chengdu in 1975 unearthed “Bie Sima ” a copper stamp. Statistics show that this stamp of officials in the Eastern Han Dynasty also found a small amount in other parts of the country. According to the literature, Biema Sima was the chief officer of other battalions in the Eastern Han Dynasty and belonged to the general in the early days. In the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the military system was destroyed, and the membership of other ministries also changed greatly. In the Eastern Han army, although the rank and rank of other ministries and departments are not very high, some famous historical figures from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms have served in this post. As the Eastern Han Dynasty military system did not make strict rules on the number of troops recruited by other Sima troops, plus “Bieman” and “Biema Sima” belonged to a relatively special establishment with strong independence. Both the court and the major The separatist forces have also used it as a means and tool to compile and disperse armed forces and enhance their own capabilities. In the Eastern Han Dynasty hegemony war, do not camp, other ministries and horses for all parties dominate the sphere of influence, has played a very important role. With the formation of the tripartite confrontation, the separate camps and other ministries did not meet the needs of the time and began to gradually withdraw from the historical arena.