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美籍华裔诗人刘庶凝《〈还乡梦〉自序》曾入选初中语文教材,文中有这样的一句描写:“在北美的沙漠中,我是一株水土不服的故园里的橘树,我的诗篇不过是些苦涩的果实。”学生初读时弄不明白:橘树为何“水土不服”?它的果实又为何是“苦涩”的?其实,作者在此巧妙地运用了一种现代文中不常用的修辞方法——用典。何谓用典?用典又叫用事,指的是摘取古代历史故事、神话传说、趣闻掌故、成语谣谚以及经典中的名言和诗文中的佳句等等。有时还需加工浓缩,用以代替直接的表达说明。
American Chinese poet Liu Shu condensate “ preface” was selected junior high school language textbooks, the text has such a description: “in the North American desert, I am an acclimatized orange tree in the hometown, my poem But the bitter fruit. ”“ Students do not understand the first reading: why the orange tree ”acclimatized“? Its fruit and why it is ”bitter"? In fact, the author clever use of a A kind of rhetorical method not commonly used in modern Chinese. What is meant by Code? Code is also called something, refers to the removal of ancient history stories, myths and legends, interesting anecdote, idioms and proverbs, as well as the classic quotes and poems in the sentence and so on. Sometimes need to concentrate processing, in lieu of direct expression instructions.